R. Yaraee; T. Ghazanfari; M. Naseri; S. Fallahnejad; M. Eghtedardoost
Abstract
Immune system participates in etiology and pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Modulation of immune responses including humoral immune responses has been considered as a useful approach in control and disease treatments and immunomodulators can be effective in this regard. Herbal drugs are known as ...
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Immune system participates in etiology and pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Modulation of immune responses including humoral immune responses has been considered as a useful approach in control and disease treatments and immunomodulators can be effective in this regard. Herbal drugs are known as a source of immunomodulators. In this study the effect of MS14, a herbal – marine preparation, on humoral immune response in animal model is considered. MS14 have been orally administered (50 and 100 mg/kg) to 6-8 weeks old female Balb/C mice 5 days, the mice were immunized once using SRBC and were bled at day 6 (primary humoral response). Alternatively the mice were immunized multiple times during two weeks for secondary immune response in control group and MS14 (100 mg/kg). Serial dilutions of serum were prepared and agglutination test was performed using SRBC for primary and secondary sera. Serum IgG level in secondary sera has been determined by sandwich ELISA test. Antibody titer of primary serum was significantly reduced in agglutination test (the mean titer of antibody was 44.571 in control group and 27.6 in 50 mg/kg of MS14 and 7.33 in 100 mg/kg of MS14). Although, a little reduction has been observed in level of agglutinating antibody titer for secondary serum, but the reduction was not statistically significant (the mean titer of antibody was 25.6 in control group and 11.2 in MS14 group). Serum IgG level in control and MS14 group was not statistically significant as well (374.9 ng/ml in control and 382.1ng/ml in MS14 group). It can be concluded that MS14 possibly induces part of its immunomodulatory effect by reducing the production of IgM in primary humoral response but it has not any effect on IgG production in secondary humoral response.
F. Khoshzaban; T. Ghazanfari; F. Ghaffari Far; M. Sharafi; S. Ghasemi Nikoo
Volume 23, Issue 3 , November 2007, , Pages 295-306
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most important apicomplexan parasites of humen and other warm-blooded animals. In the present study the effect of garlic extract on the acute toxoplasmosis was evaluated in a murine model. A total of 35 balb/c mice were included, and 10000 were given to each mouse intraperitoneally. ...
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Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most important apicomplexan parasites of humen and other warm-blooded animals. In the present study the effect of garlic extract on the acute toxoplasmosis was evaluated in a murine model. A total of 35 balb/c mice were included, and 10000 were given to each mouse intraperitoneally. In the first experiment, 20 mice were given the garlic extract 100, 200, 400 and 500 mg/kg/day orally for 7 days starting the day after Toxoplasma organisms of the RH strain Toxoplasma gondii administration. A group of 5 mice were used as controls. In the second experiment, the treatment was started at 24 hours after administration and garlic tablets 100 and 500 mg/kg/day were given for 7 days. Animals that received the garlic extract and garlic tablets survived, and all of the control animals died after 4-5 days. Animals treated with garlic extract and garlic tablets showed a survival rate of 100% until the fifth day of experiment (p<0.0001). The tachizoites of Toxoplasma were disappeared in the liver of experimented mice, but they were found a few in the spleen of treated mice. Garlic extract and garlic tablets were found to be effective in the treatment of murine Toxoplasmosis. In this study there was no difference between the effects of garlic extract and garlic tablet. The results of this study has shown that garlic extract administration results in the increasement of survival time of mice that were contaminated with a killing dose of Toxoplasma and reduces the appearance of this parasite in the tissues. The best dose of garlic extract for increasing the survival time is 200 mg/kg. In conclusion, these effects could be resulted from antibacterial and immunomodulatoric effects of garlic.
